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Mammalian Endocrinology and Male Reproductive Biology

為了解決Epididymis的問題，作者 這樣論述：

Mammalian Endocrinology and Male Reproductive Biology provides comprehensive and current coverage of the area of endocrinology and male reproductive biology, covering not just humans, but mammals in general. Written by international experts in their respective fields, this multi-author book also cov

ers the latest developments in genomics of androgen action and male infertility.The book begins by covering sexual dimorphism in the central nervous system; structure, control of secretion and function of GnRH; and gonadotropins of pituitary origin and their role in gonadal functions. This is follow

ed by an account of hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis, and the role of apoptosis in this process. Subsequent chapters center around epididymis, regulation of growth and function, and sperm motility regulation. The last chapters in the book discuss the structure and function of male accessory se

x glands with associated pathologies as well as recent updates in male contraception, mechanism of androgen action, and genomics of male infertility. Wherever necessary, tables and figures have been added for a better understanding. Each chapter is appropriately referenced and contains current infor

mation on the latest developments in the field. Edited byShio Kumar Singh, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Zoology at Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi, India. He obtained his PhD from Banaras Hindu University. Dr. Singh is the recipient of the direct fellowship of the Japan Society fo

r the Promotion of Science, and the fellowship in Reproductive Biology of the Rockefeller Foundation (USA) for postdoctoral research in Japan and Austria, respectively. His research interests focus on male reproductive biology, regulation of male fertility and male reproductive toxicology. He has pu

blished numerous research papers in journals as well as contributed chapters in various books.

Epididymis進入發燒排行的影片

研究AGTPBP1在男性不孕症中於病理和生殖中所扮演的角色

為了解決Epididymis的問題，作者鄧日隆 這樣論述：

近年已婚夫婦患有不孕症日漸增多，發生率約有9 %，而其中近一半的病例與男方因素相關，目前研究表明基因的遺傳變異與男性不孕症具有相關性。男性不孕的主要原因之一是畸形性精子症 (Teratozoospermia)，其定義為超過 96% 的精子形態異常。研究中又指出異常形態精子經常伴有精子DNA缺陷。我們實驗室利用全外顯子定序 (WES, Whole exome sequence) 以及生物資訊分析(bioinformatic analysis)，從漢族及台灣人族群的12個畸形性精子症患者身上，鑑別尋找新穎的不孕相關基因。於其中兩個個案中，發現3個AGTPBP1變異位點，後續實驗室針對了AGTPB

P1基因變異進行深入的分析。AGTPBP (ATP/GTP Binding Protein ) 家族屬於ATP、GTP的結合蛋白，在小鼠中發現Agtpbp1基因主要表現於小腦、大腦皮質、額葉、睪丸、心臟、神經節及所有神經元中。另Agtpbp1低表現於骨骼肌、腎臟中。Agtpbp1轉譯的蛋白，包含armadillo-type fold和carboxypeptidase A domain。AGTPBP1的carboxypeptidase A domain參與蛋白轉譯後修飾，主要是從α-tubulin蛋白C-terminal去除過長的聚谷氨酸 (polyglutamates) 鏈修飾。聚谷氨酸修飾是

通過Tubulin tyrosine like family memeber 6 (Ttll6) 將這種修飾加於microtubules中。Agtpbp1被鑑定為Purkinje cell degeneration（pcd）小鼠表型中的突變基因。pcd突變在C57BR / cdJ中自發發生，其特徵是在成年初期時，小腦pcd細胞的缺失而導致的共濟失調。在本篇研究中，我們先尋找出和男性不孕症相關的新穎基因AGTPBP1，並對帶有AGTPBP1缺失的患者，使用免疫螢光染色法發現，AGTPBP1於精子的表現下降與表現位置錯誤，接著使用穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察到精子頭尾部結構缺陷。在動物模式上，我們使用免疫

螢光染色法分析野生型小鼠的睪丸切片及分離出來的精細胞 (male germ cell)，發現AGTPBP1會表現於精細胞造精過程後期late stage spermatocyte, elongated spermatids與mature sperm。並委託台大基因中心，產製Agtpbp1基因剃除小鼠。與Wild-type小鼠相比，體重、睪丸、副睪的重量都顯著下降，精液分析發現Agtpbp1del/del小鼠精子數量顯著減少、出現未分化完全的精子與精子活動力顯著下降。使用西方墨點法發現Agtpbp1del/del小鼠α-tubulin的Polyglutamylation異常累積，推測為缺失AGT

PBP1使α-tubulin polyglutamylation無法有效被去除。而穩定形態的α-tubulin (delta2-α-tubulin) 表現也減少。使用免疫螢光染色法證實，在Agtpbp1del/de小鼠的精細胞形態變化過程中，Polyglutamylation表現出錯誤累積在精細胞頸部，delta2-tubulin表現減弱且錯誤的表現在精細胞頸部。我們證實AGTPBP1的變異，影響了α-tubulin的轉譯後修飾作用，導致精細胞形態變化過程出現錯誤，產生出錯誤形態的精子。這些結果能作為提供臨床男性不孕個案中的參考依據。

The Sperm Cell: Production, Maturation, Fertilization, Regeneration

為了解決Epididymis的問題，作者De Jonge, Christopher J. (EDT)/ Barratt, Christopher L. R. (EDT) 這樣論述：

This revised and updated second edition provides a comprehensive account of the human male gamete. Detailed overviews of human sperm production, maturation, and function - and how these processes affect and influence fertility, infertility, and assisted reproduction - are given. A wide range of n

ew developments including proteomics, spermatogenesis, sperm-specific WW domain-binding proteins, Ca2+ signalling, DNA packaging, epididymis are explored, whilst a new chapter presents information gained from mouse genetics, highlighting how it informs male fertility research. The impact of environm

ental factors during pre-pubertal and pubertal stages of life is also investigated. Featuring engaging prose with chapters organized topographically, The Sperm Cell remains an essential resource for andrologists, clinical scientists, and laboratory personnel.

Pharmacoinformatic analysis and preclinical evaluation of a novel first-in class onco-immunotherapeutic small molecule for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

為了解決Epididymis的問題，作者Bashir Lawal 這樣論述：

Lung cancer poses a serious threat to human health and has recently been tagged the most common malignant disease with the highest incidence and mortality rate. Although epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly improved the prognosis of advanced non-small

cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations often develop resistance to these drugs. There is therefore a need to identify new drug candidates with multitarget potential for treating NSCLC. We hereby provide preclinical evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of NLOC-015A a multitarget first-

in class small-molecule inhibitor of EGFR/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) for the treatment NSCLC. Our multi-omics analysis of clinical data from cohorts of NSCLC revealed that dysregulation of EGFR/MEK1/mT

OR/YAP1 signaling pathways was associated with the progression, therapeutic resistance, immune-invasive phenotypes, and worse prognoses of NSCLC patients. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing datasets revealed that MAP2K1, mTOR, YAP1 and EGFR were predominantly located on monocytes/macrophages, Tr

eg and exhaustive CD8 T cell, and are involved in M2 polarization within the TME of patients with primary and metastatic NSCLC which further implied gene’s role in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. A molecular-docking analysis revealed that NLOC-015A bound to YAP1, EGFR, MEK1, and mTOR w

ith strong binding efficacies ranging –8.4 to –9.50 kcal/mol. Interestingly, compared to osimertinib, NLOC-015 bound with higher efficacy to the tyrosine kinase (TK) domains of both T790M and T790M/C797S mutant-bearing EGFR. Our in vitro studies revealed that NLOC-015A inhibited the proliferation an

d oncogenic properties of NSCLC with concomitant downregulation of EGFR/MAP2K1/mTOR/YAP1 signaling networks. In addition, the stemness inhibitory effect of NLOC0-15A was accompanied by decreased expression levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), c-Myc, and SOX2 in both H1975 and H1299 cell lines. F

urthermore, NLOC-015A suppressed the tumor burden and increased the body weight and survival of H1975 xenograft-bearing mice. Interestingly, NLOC-015A synergistically enhanced the anti-NSCLC activities of osimertinib both in vitro and in vivo models. We, therefore, suggest that NLOC-015A might repre

sent a new candidate for treating NSCLC via acting as a multitarget inhibitor of EGFR, mTOR/NF-κB, YAP1, MEK1 in NSCLC.