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Chinese Aspectual Particle le: A Comprehensive Guide

為了解決non-native中文的問題，作者ChungengZhu 這樣論述：

　　The Chinese language has no tense but has aspects. It relies on aspectual particles to express how an action or state relates to the flow of time. Among all Chinese aspectual particles, le (了) is the most frequently used and is notoriously elusive for non-native speakers to grasp. Chines

e Aspectual Particle le: A Comprehensive Guide is entirely devoted to le. It presents a systematic analysis of le and includes detailed illustrations of its usage. Breaking le down into le1 and le2, this book illustrates how le1 forms the perfective aspect: when it is obligatory, incompatible, or op

tional, and when le can be interchangeable with guo (过) and zhe (着). It shows how le2 denotes a change of state, performs as a modal particle, and is used in discourse. By comparing Chinese grammar with that of English whenever relevant, the book makes the usage of le more assessible to English spea

kers. It also contains a plethora of illustrative sentences, a wide range of vocabulary, and abundant cultural information.

空服汉语(簡體字版)

為了解決non-native中文的問題，作者李育修,曾金金 這樣論述：

　　Chinese for Cabin Crews is the textbook adopted by Chinese teachers/trainers/tutors for non-native Chinese language learners (including but not limited to undergraduate airline-major students, airline trainees, ground staffs and cabin crews/flight attendants), preparing to communicate wi

th Chinese-speaking passengers. The purpose of this textbook is to expose Chinese as foreign/second language learners who work in the airport and in the cabin to the types of Chinese vocabularies, conversations and tasks that they encounter in their workplace. 　　This textbook is based on Dr. Hugo Y

u-Hsiu Lee’s lesson handouts developed from his and the oldest undergraduate Chinese-language program for the leading Airline Business Department of Thailand (International Air Travel Associations Authorized Training Center) at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University (Bangkok). The program in consideratio

n is increasingly recognized as second-to-none for the total number (200+) of alumni who have made successful careers in major airline companies in the ASEAN region and the gulf states (including but not limited to Thai Airways, Thai Smile, AirAsia, Nok Air, Thai Lion Air, Bangkok Airways, Viet Jet,

China Airlines, EVA Air and Emirates, UAE).  

非母語者對華文廣告文案之閱讀需求調查研究

為了解決non-native中文的問題，作者王宏育 這樣論述：

　　本研究以12位外籍人士為對象，針對閱讀華文廣告的需求做調查，將外籍人士區分為四大類，留學生、新住民、移工及專業人士。文獻回顧探討外籍人士在臺灣的生活適應，結果顯示新住民有較強的功能性識字(functional literacy)需求，對移工而言，語言、飲食、工作職能及文化適應是他們感興趣的主題，留學生則對實用的日常生活主題最有學習動機。本研究以上述的語言學習主題以及廣告文本作為題材，以探討外籍人士的閱讀需求及理解難點為目的，分析生活中不為外籍讀者明瞭卻又頻繁出現的語彙其背後的文化因素、預設語用和隱喻，期盼幫助外籍人士適應移居生活。　　本研究採以調查法及內容分析法，研究者與研究對象共同挑選

150則網路廣告文案，將所蒐集的對話歸類出8種閱讀動機，研究顯示生命經驗和文案用詞趣味為兩大主要閱讀動機，訪問中做此表述的分別為37及21次。另外，研究者把外籍人士閱讀華文的理解難點分類到第9項研究大綱，以採訪回饋來看，華文學習者說明出於閱讀理解能力不足而無法理解文案的累計21次，表述因為圖文資訊超載或語意表達精簡，或者圖文搭配意義不明而無法理解共累計17次；此外，華語為母語者共知的隱喻，外籍人士往往難以理解和詮釋。本研究記錄外籍讀者無法理解的廣告詞例如減糖咖啡的廣告詞：「在薪水還沒有減肥前，先減糖吧！」，保養品的廣告詞：「七種透漾肌密」。本研究蒐集外籍讀者對閱讀廣告文本中的動機和困難，並以學

習選擇權概念作為教學觀，盼此研究結果可供未來採以華文廣告作為真實語料教學的參考。